Everything about Monier-williams totally explained
Sir
Monier Monier-Williams (
1819–
1899) studied, documented and taught Asian languages in
England, and compiled one of the most widely-used
Sanskrit-English dictionaries.
Monier-Williams was the son of Colonel Monier Williams, surveyor-general in the
Bombay presidency, and was born in Bombay on
12 November 1819. He was educated at
University College, Oxford from
1837 and taught Asian languages at the
East India Company College from
1844 until
1858, when
company rule in India ended after the
mutiny.
Monier-Williams was the second occupant of the Boden Chair of Sanskrit at
Oxford University, following
Horace Hayman Wilson, who had started the University's collection of
Sanskrit manuscripts upon taking the Chair in
1831.
Indian studies in England were dominated by the demands of
government and
Christian evangelism, in ways that might be considered unacceptable in an academic environment today. Indeed,
Max Müller, the most obvious candidate for the chair, was passed over because his religious views were deemed too liberal. Monier-Williams declared from the outset that the conversion of India to the Christian religion should be one of the aims of
orientalist scholarship.
When Monier-Williams founded the University's
Indian Institute in
1883, it provided both an academic focus and also a training ground for the Indian Civil Service. The Institute closed on
Indian independence in
1947.
Monier-Williams created a Sanskrit-English dictionary that's still in print. It is also now available on
CD-ROM and as the basis of the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon.
He was knighted in
1886, and was made
KCIE in
1889, when he adopted his Christian name of Monier as an additional surname. He died at
Cannes on
11 April 1899.
Publications
- Translation of Shakuntala (1853).
- Indian Wisdom, an anthology from Sanskrit literature (1875).
- Modern India and Indians.
- Buddhism, in its connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism, and in its contrast with Christianity (1889).
- Sanskrit-English Dictionary, ISBN 0-19-864308-X.
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